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Algirdas Julien Greimas (;〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Algirdas Julien Greimas )〕 born ''Algirdas Julius Greimas''; 9 March 1917 – 27 February 1992), was a French-Lithuanian literary scientist, known among other things for the Greimas Square (''le carré sémiotique''). He is, along with Roland Barthes, considered the most prominent of the French semioticians. With his training in structural linguistics, he added to the theory of signification and laid the foundations for the Parisian school of semiotics. Among Greimas's major contributions to semiotics are the concepts of isotopy, the actantial model, the narrative program, and the semiotics of the natural world. He also researched Lithuanian mythology and Proto-Indo-European religion, and was influential in semiotic literary criticism. ==Biography== Greimas's father Julius Greimas, a teacher and later school inspector, was from Liudvinavas in the Suvalkija region of Lithuania. His mother Konstancija, née Mickevičiūtė (Mickevičius), a secretary, was from Kalvarija.〔 They lived in Tula, Russia, when he was born, where they ran away as refugees during WWI. They returned with him to Lithuania when he was two years old. His baptismal names are Algirdas Julius,〔 but he used the French version of his middle name, ''Julien'', while he lived abroad. He did not speak another language than Lithuanian until preparatory middle school where he started with German and then French, which opened the door for his early philosophical readings in high school – Friedrich Nietzsche and Arthur Schopenhauer. After attending schools in several towns, as his family moved, and finishing Rygiškių Jonas High School in Marijampolė in 1934, he studied law at Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, and then drifted toward linguistics at the University of Grenoble, from which he graduated in 1939 with a paper on Franco-Provençal dialects.〔 He hoped to focus next on early medieval linguistics (substrate toponyms in the Alps),〔 but the beginning of World War II returned him to Lithuania for military service, where he then taught, worked as an editor, and published literary reviews and essays on culture.〔 In 1944 he enrolled for graduate study at the Sorbonne in Paris and specialized in lexicography, namely taxonomies of exact, interrelated definitions. He wrote a thesis on the vocabulary of fashion (a topic later popularized by Roland Barthes), for which he received a PhD in 1949. Greimas began his academic career as a teacher at a French Catholic boarding school for girls in Alexandria in Egypt,〔 where he would take part in a weekly discussion group of about a dozen European researchers that included a philosopher, a historian, and a sociologist.〔 Early on, he also met Roland Barthes with whom he remained close for the next 15 years.〔 In 1959 he moved on to universities in Ankara and Istanbul in Turkey, and then to Poitiers in France. In 1965 he became professor at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) in Paris where he taught for almost 25 years. He co-founded and became Secretary General of the International Association for Semiotic Studies. Greimas died in 1992 in Paris, and was buried at his mother's resting place,〔 Petrašiūnai Cemetery in Kaunas, Lithuania.〔 (His parents were deported to Siberia during the Soviet occupation. His mother managed to return in 1954; his father perished and his grave is unknown, but he has a symbolic tombstone at the cemetery.〔) He was survived by his wife Teresa Mary Keane.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Algirdas Julien Greimas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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